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Battle of Warsaw (1656)
The Battle of Warsaw ((ドイツ語:Schlacht von Warschau); (ポーランド語:Bitwa pod Warszawą); (スウェーデン語:Tredagarsslaget vid Warszawa)) was a battle which took place near Warsaw on , between the armies of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden and Brandenburg. It was a major battle in the Second Northern War between Poland and Sweden in the period 1655–1660, also known as The Deluge. According to Hajo Holborn, it marked "the beginning of Prussian military history".
In the battle, a smaller Swedish-Brandenburg force gained victory over a Polish-Lithuanian force superior in numbers, though in the long term the victory achieved little. Polish-Lithuanian losses were insignificant, since the Polish noble levy promptly retreated from the battlefield.
== Prelude ==
The Polish-Lithuanian forces, commanded by King John II Casimir of Poland, comprised about 24-25,000 regulars, which included only 950 Winged Hussars - 8 banners), 2,000 Tatars and 10-13,000 of the noble levy (''pospolite ruszenie''), altogether some 40,000 men of which only about 4,500 were infantry.〔 The allied armies of Sweden and Brandenburg, commanded by King Charles X of Sweden and Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg, were only 18,000 strong, comprising 12,500 cavalry (60 squadrons), and 5,500 infantry (15 brigades), which included 8,500 Brandenburg men.〔 Second in command of Brandenburg's forces was Otto Christoph von Sparr.
John II Casimir ferried his army across the Vistula River〔 and met the approaching Swedish-Brandenburg force on its right bank, about five kilometers to the north of the suburb of Praga. Charles X had initially hoped to destroy the Lithuanian and Tatar forces before they joined up with the remainder of the Commonwealth army, but this plan failed. Some officers of Brandenburg considered the Polish-Lithuanian forces to be overwhelming in numbers and instead advocated a retreat.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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